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Why Notre-Dame Cathedral, a medieval stone church, has burned so quickly

notre dame on fire april 2019
Notre-Dame Cathedral burning in Paris on April 15, 2019. Associated Press
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Notre-Dame Cathedral, the intricately carved gothic church that has been standing in the heart of central Paris for more than 850 years, is on fire

The blaze erupted late Monday afternoon as stunned tourists and locals stood on the streets of Île de la Cité, an island in the middle of the Seine where the church is. Many people took out their phones and filmed the bright orange flames billowing into the sky.

The two iconic stone bell towers at the front of Notre-Dame were not immediately consumed by the flames, but the roof of the church that connects those towers to the flying buttresses at the back was quickly engulfed in yellow-tinged smoke.

Construction crews had been working on a $6.8 million renovation of the church's spire. That spire, pictured below, fell to the flames about an hour after the blaze broke out. A church spokesman told French media that the medieval frame, which is like the church's skeleton, was also alight. That is not good news for the church. 

notre dame spire burning
Notre-Dame Cathedral on April 15, 2019.  AP Photo/Thibault Camus

The hulking framework of wooden beams that supports Notre-Dame is composed of huge pieces of timber, which is ripe for catching light. The supports are even called a "forêt" (or forest) because they're enormous pieces of oak. This "charpente" (or frame) was built from 1,300 oak trees, enough wood to fill more than 21 hectares of land, La Tribune reported. According to Notre-Dame de Paris, the church framing is more than 100 meters long, and the beams that are burning have been standing there since the 13th century. 

Even the church's website says, almost forebodingly, that "fire is not impossible" for the gothic masterpiece that took about 200 years to build.

The wood framing sits under a lead roof, which weighs 210 metric tons.

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Hilary Brueck
Hilary Brueck is a Health Correspondent at Business Insider, where she covers longevity and the quest to improve human aging. She also writes regularly about the complexities of diagnosing and treating cancer, the evolving landscape of GLP-1 drugs, new developments in exercise science, and expert-backed nutrition adviceIn general, she relishes any opportunity to unpack scientific discoveries or examine the latest consumer trends. Her reports have ranged from exploring how sherpas effortlessly climb into the thin air 29,029 feet above sea level to summit Mount Everest, to trudging along a Jersey shore beach with scientists fighting killer pandemic flu viruses by studying bird butts.She spoke with Dr. Anthony Fauci about his vitamin and supplement routine over a cold slice of pizza, and chatted with the world's oldest Nobel Prize winner in his basement solar lab. She also went an entire month without eating any ultra-processed foods (yes, it was time-consuming and challenging). A graduate of Columbia Journalism School and former Peace Corps Volunteer, Hilary speaks English, French, and Malagasy. Previously, Hilary reported for ABC News Radio, Fortune, Forbes, and Al Jazeera America. In her spare time, she likes to run, hike and she is also an aspiring (but very bad) surfer. If you've got a pressing health question, tip, or concern, reach out to hbrueck@jkmperu.com