Strategy

Here's Why Using Your Middle Initial Makes You Look Smarter

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john f kennedy
John F. Kennedy, bearer of a fine middle initial.   flickr user NASA Marshall Space Flight Center

If you want people to think you're an intellectual, use your middle initial. 

"People's middle initials have a particular and powerful effect on how people are perceived by others," say psychologists Wijnand A.P. Van Tilburg of the University of Southampton and Eric R. Igou of the University of Limerick. 

"The display of middle initials increases the perceived social status of these people," they write in the European Journal of Social Psychology, "and (it) positively biases inferences about their intellectual capacity and performance."

To reach these conclusions, the researchers combined seven studies on middle initials. 

In one study, 85 students were asked to read an essay about Einstein's theory of relativity and rate it on quality. The author of the essay was presented with a range of names: 

  • David Clark
  • David F. Clark
  • David F.P. Clark
  • David F.P.R. Clark

Which of the names had the highest rating? "David F. Clark" outdid "David Clark," while "David F.P.R. Clark" received the most raving reviews. 

In another study, participants were more eager to join teams with members who used their middle initials. But only for academic competitions — initials proved no advantage for athletic contests.

One possible reason for the middle initial bias: Tilburg and Igou argue that names are often presented formally in intellectual domains, such as psychology journals. You'll notice that Tilburg and Igou have three initials between them.

"When you receive a letter from a doctor, lawyer, or other high-status professional, he or she probably signed it using a middle initial," Tom Jacobs writes at Pacific Standard. "Read enough such notes, and an association is made in your mind."

So if you want your resume to pop, consider including your middle initial.

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Drake Baer was Business Insider's editor-at-large, working across the newsroom to help produce ambitious journalism. For two and a half years before that, Baer served as deputy editor, overseeing a team of 20+ reporters and editors who cover the future of work, real estate, and small business. The fast-paced team was behind some of Insider's major packages in the last few years, including a state-by-state look into unemployment during the first year of the pandemic and in-depth profiles of "niche famous" characters such as real estate media tycoon Brandon Turner and HR icon Johnny C Taylor. They shed new light on big names, like Joe Biden, America's imperfect leader. He also cultivated thesis-oriented ideas journalism, whether it be on why "'diversity' and 'inclusion' are the emptiest words in corporate America" or why it's actually a horrible time to buy a house. (No, really, it is.) Before editing, his byline as a reporter was on the masthead for Fast Company and New York Magazine, covering the many intersections of social science, business, and economics. Baer has interviewed some our time's leading minds, including philanthropist Bill Gates, FiveThirtyEight founder Nate Silver, NBA champion and investor Steph Curry, "growth mindset" psychologist Carol Dweck, the rapper Q-Tip, Nobel laureate Daniel Kahneman, and the man who gave a name to "disruptive innovation," the late Clay Christensen.Baer has published two books, the most recent being Perception: How Our Bodies Shape Our Minds, with Dennis Proffitt. In 2014, New York Times bestselling author and Wharton professor Adam Grant highlighted his first book, Everything Connects, as one of the 12 business books to read that year. He has been featured as a speaker at the Aspen Ideas Festival, presented at TedX Princeton, and moderated many panels.