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Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos explains his famous one-character emails, known to strike fear in managers' hearts

Jeff Bezos
Michael Seto/Business Insider
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  • Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos still personally reads customer-complaint emails sent to him, even though he doesn't reply to many of them, he said during an onstage interview Friday.
  • Often he'll forward those emails to the executives in charge, with a single character: a question mark.
  • The manager who receives the email is then on the hook to drop everything, research the situation, and write a well-crafted response.

Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos has a notorious habit of sending his executives an email that has a single character: a question mark.

When the executive gets an email from Bezos that simply reads "?" they know that Bezos is concerned about something because a customer complained, Bezos explained during an onstage interview at the George Bush Presidential Center on Friday.

"I still have an email address customers can write to," Bezos said. Although he doesn't typically answer those emails himself, he does read them.

"I see most of those emails. I see them and I forward them to the executives in charge of the area with a question mark. It's shorthand [for], 'Can you look into this?' 'Why is this happening?'" Bezos said.

Getting such an email is a pretty common thing at Amazon, and it's also a big deal. The executive, in turn, will often foward it to the manager in charge of the area who will view the email with a sinking heart, one of them recently told us.

That's because the manager is then on the hook to drop everything, investigate, and get back with an answer. Sometimes that means a lot of research over nights and weekends, the Amazon manager recently told us.

But Bezos views that email address, jeff@amazon.com, as a way to stay close to customers, which can otherwise be hard to do as an executive who is far removed from day-to-day customer service and sees the company mostly through data and reports.

"We have tons of metrics," Bezos explained. "When you are shipping billions of packages a year, you need good data and metrics: Are you delivering on time? Delivering on time to every city? To apartment complexes? ... Whether the packages have too much air in them, wasteful packaging?"

So those customer complaints gives him front-line insights. If all his data says one thing and a few customers say something else, he believes the customers.

"The thing I have noticed is when the anecdotes and the data disagree, the anecdotes are usually right. There's something wrong with the way you are measuring it," he explained.

This is one of the ways Bezos expresses what he calls one of Amazon's most important values: customer obsession.

"We talk about it, customer obsession, as opposed to competitor obsession," he said. Often companies say they are focused on customers, but they really spend most of their energy reacting to and talking about competitors.

"If your whole culture is competitor-obsessed, it's hard to stay motivated if you are out in front. Whereas customers are also unsatisfied, always discontent, always want more. So no matter how far in front you get in front of competitors, you are still behind your customers. They are always pulling you along," he said.

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Julie Bort was Business Insider's Editor at Large for the Tech team. She loves investigating stories and shedding light on the tech industry's most amazing people.Here's a small sample of some of Julie's work.Former Pinterest employees describe a traumatic workplace where managers humiliate employees until they cry, Black people feel alienated, and the toxic culture 'eats away at your soul'Sex, tequila, and a tiger: Employees inside Adam Neumann's WeWork talk about the nonstop party to attain a $100 billion dream and the messy reality that tanked itInsiders say WeWork's IT is a patchwork of cheap devices and Band-Aid fixes that will take millions to fixWeWork's toxic phone booths were created in-house by its Powered by We business70-hour weeks and 'WTF' emails: 42 employees reveal the frenzy of working at Tesla under the 'cult' of Elon MuskElon Musk works so many hours at Tesla, employees are constantly finding him asleep under tables and desksHow this woman went from a Pizza Hut employee to a founder of a $4 billion startupAn Oracle insider explains how some salespeople gamed the system to sell more cloudTHE TAKEDOWN OF TRAVIS KALANICK: The untold story of Uber's infighting, backstabbing, and multimillion-dollar exit packagesMicrosoft is in talks to buy GitHub, a startup at the center of the software world last valued at $2 billionThe alarming inside story of a failed Google acquisition, and an employee who was hospitalizedInside Facebook's plan to eat another $350 billion IT marketHow a registered sex offender wound up living in an Airbnb hosting unsuspecting guestsA controversial ex-banker is the person who really runs Twitter — and he's gambling the company's future on one risky betSecret passages and skipped meals: Oracle's CEO gave us a rare peek at what it really takes to run a $37 billion companyHP told some employees to choose between becoming contractors with no benefits or being fired without severance'I felt like we were being extorted': Customer says Oracle tried to strong-arm him into a cloud saleHow the queen of Silicon Valley is helping Google go after Amazon's most profitable businessAirbnb host: A guest is squatting in my condo and I can't get him to leaveLIES, BOOZE, AND BILLIONS: How one of the fastest-growing startups in Silicon Valley history raised $580 million then spiraled out of controlGitHub is undergoing a full-blown overhaul as execs and employees depart — and we have the full inside storyWhen she's not writing for Business Insider, Julie can usually be found on the trails, on my mountain bike, or on my skis, if you know where to look.